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Nutrients and Metabolism
1. Calorie:
-unit of measurement for energy
-energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 gm of water by 1C (Kcal)
-recommended daily calorie intake for an average adult: 25,000 cal
2. Metabolism:
-anabolism: building up of molecules
-catabolism: breaking down of molecule
3. Basal metabolism:
-amount of energy used to support the body=s ongoing metabolic process while body is at complete physical, digestive and emotional rest
Basal Metabolic Rate: for an average adult 1200 - 1400 cal
4. Absorption of nutrients
-Protein: amino acids-villus (capillary vessel) - portal vein - liver
-Carbohydrate: dextrose/glucose - villus - portal vein - liver
-Lipid/ fat: fatty acid, glycerin - villus - portal vein - vein
-salts: dissolved in water - villus - portal vein - liver
-Water soluble vitamin: villus - portal vein - liver
-Non-water soluble vitamin: villus - portal vein - vein
5. Nutrients:
Organic materials (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids), inorganic (minerals and vitamins)
Nutrients and calorie:
Nutrients
1 g/ Cal
Daily Intake
Protein
4.1 cal
about 70 g
Carbohydrate
500
Lipid
9.3 cal
30
Daily Fluid Intake
Fluid intake
Amount excreted
Water and other liquid 1100 ml
Urine 1300 ml
Water from food 700 ml
Evaportation: Skin 500 ml, Respiration 200 ml
metabolic fluid 300 ml
Defecation 100 ml
Total: 2100 ml
6. Vitamin:
-a group of substances essential for normal metabolism, growth and development, and regulation of cell function
-lack of vitamin will lead to problem with metabolism, growth and development
1). Vitamin A: helps in the formation and maintenance of healthy teeth, skeletal and soft tissue, mucous membranes, and skin (fat soluble vitamin)
2) Vitamin B 1: helps body cells convert carbohydrates into energy (water soluble)
3) Vitamin B2: needed for body growth and red blood cell production (water soluble)
4) Vitamin B 12: metabolism, formation of RBC, and maintenance of central nervous system
5) Vitamin C: Ascorbic acid; promotes healthy teeth, gums, absorption of iron, maintains normal connective tissue; also promotes wound healing and antioxidant (water soluble)
6) Vitamin D: promotes absorption of calcium, maintains adequate blood level of calcium and phosphorus (fat soluble)
7) Vitamin K: clotting vitamin; blood coagulation and bone metabolism (fat soluble)