Western Medicines

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Title

Cells and Structures

Writer

Acuworld

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780

Date

2020-07-15 08:27:48

Cells<o:p></o:p>1. Definition: Basic unit of living things<o:p></o:p>1) Composition: Nucleus (Nuclear membrane, nucleolus, chromatin), cell body (organelle,
centriole, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum)2) Components: Water (about 2/3
of total), Organic matters (about 10-30% of protein, lipid, glucose), minerals
(about 1% nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, and other organic salts)<o:p></o:p> <o:p></o:p>2. Cell Division:<o:p></o:p>  1) Mitosis: Nuclear division that
follows duplication of the chromosomes, whereby each daughter nucleus has
exactly the same chromosome content as the parent nucleus.<o:p></o:p>2) Amitosis: Direct cell
division, in which the nucleus simply cleaves in two (sometimes but not always
followed by division of the cytoplasm), and is very rare<o:p></o:p> <o:p></o:p>Epithelial Tissue1. Commonly found on: lining of body cavities, tubes, and ducts(digestive and respiratory tracts, and blood vessels)2. Functions: Protects  body''''s surface, respiration(covering epithelium)      Secretion and excretion(excretion epithelium)     Absorption of nutrients (respiratory epithelium)     Sense action (sense epithelium)     Production of germ cells (embryotic epithelium)                       
 <o:p></o:p>Glands<o:p></o:p>1. Exocrine gland: releases their secretions through ducts<o:p></o:p>2. Endocrine gland: ductless gland that releases its secretions through lymph and blood <o:p></o:p>Tissue<o:p></o:p>A group of biological cells that perform a similar function<o:p></o:p>1. Types: Epithelium tissue, tough connective tissue, muscular tissue, nerve tissue 2. Connective Tissues   1) Types: fibrous connective
tissue  (ligament, tendon), loose connective tissue  (Holds organs in
place, attaches epithelial tissue)<o:p></o:p>  2) Support system: cartilage tissue
(articular cartilage, tracheal cartilage, laryngeal
cartilage-auricular/intra-auricular cartilage-intra vertebral disc, pelvic
cartilage), osseous tissue (bone tissue)<o:p></o:p>3. Nerve Tissue: brain, spinal cord, peripheral
nervous system composition -Neuron: nerve cell (various shapes and sizes,
but usually with only one nucleus), dendrites (brings information to cell),
axon (takes information away from cells)<o:p></o:p>4. Muscular Tissue 1) Skeletal muscle: voluntary
muscles (striated, many nucleus, many bundles of muscle fibers, and contraction
is controlled by somatic nervous system)<o:p></o:p> 2) Smooth muscle: involuntary muscles
(elongated and thin, not striated, only one nucleus, contraction controlled by
autonomic nervous system)<o:p></o:p>

3) Cardiac muscle: involuntary muscles,
found only in heart (cross between skeletal and smooth, has many centrally
located nucleus, contraction is controlled by autonomic nervous system<o:p></o:p>