OM Terminalogy

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Title

Anatomical Terms-S

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Acuworld

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187

Date

2020-07-15 09:09:07

<LI><A name=sac>sac</A>: Latin saccus = a sack. 
<LI><A name=saccule>saccule</A>: Latin sacculus, diminutive of saccus. 
<LI><A name=sacrum>sacrum</A>: Latin sacer = sacred (probably considered so because of its size). 
<LI><A name=sagittal>sagittal</A>: adjective, Latin sagitta = arrow, because the sagittal suture is notched posteriorly, like an arrow, by the lambdoid sutures. 
<LI><A name=salivary>salivary</A>: adjective, Latin saliva = spit. 
<LI><A name=salpinx>salpinx</A>: Greek = trumpet; hence, the uterine or auditory tube, each of which is trumpet-shaped. 
<LI><A name=saphenous>saphenous</A>: adjective, Greek saphenes = obviously visible. The saphenous veins become very apparent when varicose. 
<LI><A name=sartorius>sartorius</A>: Latin = tailor; hence, sartorius muscles, which produce the posture in which tailors once worked, squatting on the floor. 
<LI><A name=scala>scala</A>: Latin = stairs; hence the parallel spiral passages which wind up to, or down from, the cupula of the bony cochlea. 
<LI><A name=scalene>scalene</A>: adjective, Greek skalenos = uneven, hence a triangle with unequal sides, an apt description of the shape of scalenus anterior and scalenus medius muscles. 
<LI><A name=scalenus>scalenus</A>: adjective, Greek skalenos = uneven, hence a triangle with unequal sides, an apt description of the shape of scalenus anterior and scalenus medius muscles. 
<LI><A name=scaphoid>scaphoid</A>: adjective, Greek skaphe = skiff, and eidos = shape or form; hence the carpal which is hollowed out on its distal surface for the head of the capitate; also the fossa occupied by tensor veli palatini muscle. 
<LI><A name=scapula>scapula</A>: Greek skapto = I dig, because of the resemblance to a spade. 
<LI><A name=sciatic>sciatic</A>: adjective, Greek ischion = hip-joint. Ischiadikos meant pertaining to the ischium or hip - later changed to sciatic. (The ischium earns its name because it forms > 2/5 of the acetabulum, whereas the ilium contributes < 2/5, and the pubis only 1/5). The sciatic nerve lies on the ischium. 
<LI><A name=sclera>sclera</A>: Greek skleros = hard; hence the tough, outer layer of the eyeball; adjective - scleral. 
<LI><A name=sclerotome>sclerotome</A>: Greek skleros = hard, and tome = a cutting. 
<LI><A name=scoliosis>scoliosis</A>: Greek skolios = crooked or curve, and -osis = condition, hence, the lateral curvature of the spine. 
<LI><A name=scrotum>scrotum</A>: possibly derived from Latin scorteus = leather; adjective - scrotal. 
<LI><A name=secrete>secrete</A>: Latin secretus = separated; hence, to produce a chemical substance by glandular activity - adjective, secretory; noun, secretion. 
<LI><A name=sella>sella</A>: Latin = saddle; adjective - sellar, sella turcica = Turkish saddle. 
<LI><A name=semen>semen</A>: Latin = seed; adjective - seminal (seminal vesicle). 
<LI><A name=semilunaris>semilunaris</A>: adjective, Latin semi = half, and luna = moon; hence, having a half-moon shape. 
<LI><A name=semimembranosus>semimembranosus</A>: adjective, Latin semi = half, and membrana = membrane; hence, the hamstring muscle of which the upper half is membranous. 
<LI><A name=seminiferous>seminiferous</A>: Latin semen = seed and ferre = to carry, to bear; hence, the sperm-producing tubules in the testes. 
<LI><A name=semitendinosus>semitendinosus</A>: adjective, Latin semi = half, and tendo = I stretch; hence, the hamstring muscle of which the lower half is tendinous. 
<LI><A name=septum>septum</A>: Latin saeptum = fenced in; hence, a dividing fence or partition. 
<LI><A name=serous>serous</A>: Latin = like serum. 
<LI><A name=serratus>serratus</A>: adjective, Latin = notched like the edge of a saw (serrate). 
<LI><A name=sesamoid>sesamoid</A>: adjective, Greek sesamodes, eidos = shape or form; like grains of sesame, hence, small bone in tendon at site of friction. 
<LI><A name=sialogram>sialogram</A>: Greek sialon = saliva, and gramma = a diagram; hence, a radiograph of a salivary duct. 
<LI><A name=sigmoid>sigmoid</A>: adjective, Greek sigma, the form used at the end of a word having an S-shape; hence, S-shaped. 
<LI><A name=sinister>sinister</A>: adjective, Latin = left-sided. 
<LI><A name=sinus>sinus</A>: Latin = a hollow or space which may contain air, venous or arterial blood, lymph or serous fluid; adjective, sinusoid. 
<LI><A name=sole>sole</A>: the lower surface of the foot - see soleus. 
<LI><A name=soleus>soleus</A>: adjective, Latin solea = flatfish or sandal; hence soleus muscle which does not enter the sole of the foot, but resembles the fish. 
<LI><A name=solitarius>solitarius</A>: Latin = solitary, alone. 
<LI><A name=soma>soma</A>: Greek = the body. 
<LI><A name=somatic>somatic</A>: adjective, Greek soma = the body; hence, pertaining to the body frame but not to its viscera. 
<LI><A name=somite>somite</A>: Greek soma = body, hence an embryonic body segment. 
<LI><A name=spasm>spasm</A>: Greek spasmos = an involuntary contraction of a muscle; adjective - spastic, or spasmodic. 
<LI><A name=sperma>sperma</A>: Greek = seed or semen, adjective, spermatic. 
<LI><A name=sphenoid>sphenoid</A>: adjective, Greek sphen = wedge, and eidos = shape or form; hence the unpaired bone which is wedged into the base of the skull between the unpaired frontal and occipital. 
<LI><A name=sphincter>sphincter</A>: Greek sphinkter = a tight binder; hence, a circular muscle which closes an orifice; adjective - sphincteric. 
<LI><A name=spine>spine</A>: Latin spina = a thorn; hence, a sharp process, or a lay term for the vertebral column; adjective, spinous, spinal. 
<LI><A name=splanchnic>splanchnic</A>: adjective, Greek splanchnon = a viscus or internal organ; hence pertaining to viscera. 
<LI><A name=spleen>spleen</A>: Latin splen = the spleen; hence; adjective - splenic (Latin - lien). 
<LI><A name=splenium>splenium</A>: Greek splenion = a bandage. The splenium of corpus callosum resembles a partly rolled bandage. 
<LI><A name=splenius>splenius</A>: Greek splenion = a bandage. Hence, splenius capitis muscle, with its finely-woven fibres and its quarter-spiral twist from a coronal to a sagittal plane. 
<LI><A name=spongiosum>spongiosum</A>: adjective, Greek spongia = a sponge. 
<LI><A name=squama>squama</A>: Latin = a scale (as of fish or reptile); adjective - squamous. 
<LI><A name=squamous>squamous</A>: adjective, Latin squama = a scale (as of fish or reptile), hence scale-like. 
<LI><A name=stapes>stapes</A>: Latin = stirrup; adjective - stapedial, stapedius. 
<LI><A name=stellate>stellate</A>: adjective, Latin stella = star. 
<LI><A name=stereocilia>stereocilia</A>: Greek stereos = solid, and cilium = eyelash, hence non-motile microvilli. 
<LI><A name=sternebra>sternebra</A>: Greek sternon = chest or breast, and -bra = from vertebra, hence the segments of the sternum that fuse in later life. 
<LI><A name=sternum>sternum</A>: Greek sternon = chest or breast; adjective, sternal. 
<LI><A name=stoma>stoma</A>: Greek = a mouth. 
<LI><A name=stomach>stomach</A>: Greek stomachos = gullet or oesophagus, later applied to the wider part of the digestive tract just below the diaphragm; adjective - gastric. 
<LI><A name=strabismus>strabismus</A>: Greek strabismos = squinting; hence, inability to focus both eyes on a given point. 
<LI><A name=stratum>stratum</A>: Latin = a covering sheet, or layer. 
<LI><A name=stria>stria</A>: Latin = furrow, applied to a streak or stripe. 
<LI><A name=striatum>striatum</A>: adjective, Latin striatus = furrowed; hence, corpus striatum, the caudate and lentiform nuclei connected by grey strands which traverse the internal capsule, giving the strands a striated appearance. 
<LI><A name=stroma>stroma</A>: Greek = bed or mattress, deep to the covers; hence, the supporting framework of an organ, as distinct from its special parenchyma. 
<LI><A name=styloid>styloid</A>: adjective, Greek stylos = an instrument for writing, and eidos = shape or form; hence a pen- or pencil-like structure. 
<LI><A name=subclavian>subclavian</A>: Latin sub = under or below, and clavis = a key, hence under the clavicle. 
<LI><A name=subiculum>subiculum</A>: diminutive of Latin subix = a support. 
<LI><A name=sublimis>sublimis</A>: Latin = superficial. 
<LI><A name=substantia>substantia</A>: Latin = a substance. 
<LI><A name=succus>succus</A>: Latin = juice (succus entericus, the secretion of the small intestine). 
<LI><A name=sudomotor>sudomotor</A>: Latin sudor = sweat, and movere = to move, hence stimulating the sweat glands. 
<LI><A name=sulcus>sulcus</A>: Latin = a groove. 
<LI><A name=superciliary>superciliary</A>: adjective, Latin super = above, and cilia = eyelid; hence, pertaining to the eyebrow. 
<LI><A name=superficial>superficial</A>: adjective, Latin super = above, and facies = surface; hence, nearer the surface. 
<LI><A name=superior>superior</A>: adjective, comparative of Latin superus = above. 
<LI><A name=supination>supination</A>: the act of turning the back of the hand to face posteriorly; verb - supinate. 
<LI><A name=supine>supine</A>: adjective, Latin supinus, recumbent on the back. Hence, also, the position of the hand with the dorsum facing posteriorly. 
<LI><A name=supra>supra</A>: Latin prefix = superior to. 
<LI><A name=suprarenal>suprarenal</A>: Latin supra = above, over, superior to, and ren = the kidney. 
<LI><A name=sural>sural</A>: adjective, Latin sura = the calf. 
<LI><A name=sustentaculum>sustentaculum</A>: Latin = a support, which sustains; sustentaculum tali - the ledge on the calcaneus supporting part of the talus. 
<LI><A name=suture>suture</A>: Latin sutura = a seam; the fibrous joints between cranial bones. 
<LI><A name=sympathetic>sympathetic</A>: Greek syn = with, and pathos = feeling; hence, the peripheral part of the autonomic nervous system which arises in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord and communicates with other nerves. 
<LI><A name=symphysis>symphysis</A>: Greek syn = with, and physis = growth; hence a joint where union between the bones is by fibrocartilage - used for median joints. (Symphysis of the mandible is exceptional, the 2 halves fusing before the age of 2). 
<LI><A name=synapse>synapse</A>: Greek syn = with, and aptein = to join; hence, the zone through which an impulse passes from one neuron to another. 
<LI><A name=synchondrosis>synchondrosis</A>: Greek syn = with, and chondros = cartilage; hence, the union of 2 bones by cartilage. 
<LI><A name=syncytium>syncytium</A>: Greek syn = with, and kytos = cell, hence a multinucleate mass of protoplasm, formed by the merging of cells. 
<LI><A name=syndesmosis>syndesmosis</A>: Greek syn = with, and desmos = a band; hence, the union of 2 bones by fibrous tissue. 
<LI><A name=syndrome>syndrome</A>: Greek syn = with, and dromos = running; hence, a group of signs and symptoms which is characteristic of a certain pathology. 
<LI><A name=synergist>synergist</A>: Greek syn = with, and ergon = work; hence a muscle which cooperates with others in producing a given movement. 
<LI><A name=synovia>synovia</A>: Greek syn = with, and ovum = egg; hence the fluid in freely movable joints resembling egg-white; adjective, synovial. 
<LI><A name=synovial>synovial</A>: adjective, Greek syn = with, and ovum = egg; hence pertaining to the fluid in freely movable joints resembling egg-white. 
<LI>
<DIV><A name=systole>systole</A>: Greek = contraction; hence the contraction of cardiac muscle. </DIV></LI>
* By Dr.M.A.(Toby) Arnold